Nursing Practice COPD

Question: Talk about the contextual investigation Nursing Practice for COPD. Answer: Presentation: The paper is a nursing practice contextual investigation that will give insight concerning ailments and social history about the patient for the situation study. From the point of view of an essential enlisted nurture, it will examine the etiology of the ceaseless infections in persistent and the drugs that the patient is taking. It will portray the underlying nursing care for the patient on affirmation and the training identified with compounding that the attendant needs to provide for the patient. The nursing care for the patient will be founded on the COPD rules gave by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, and the competency measures set by The Australian Nursing Midwifery Federation (ANMF) and the Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines. The exposition will give detail on the proposal by an attendant for continuous treatment and what administrations help the medical caretaker will take from the network to give satisfactory consideration to the patient. The contextual analysis is about Mrs. Betty White, a 76-year-old Italian female who has been admitted to a clinical ward for intense compounding of her COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) following an episode of pneumonia. She was never conceded for her condition and has no known hypersensitivities. She had a lip substitution in 1997, a gallstone medical procedure in 2005 and a drawn out ulcer on her lower leg. At the point when she was conceded, no clinical discoveries were done identified with spirometry test, blood test, circulatory strain, check, ECG, and so forth. She has just a single child living in Melbourne who visits her threefold per year, and she lives alone using network nursing administrations. As the patient is experiencing COPD, it is important to think about the etiology of the sickness. COPD is a dynamic lung sickness portrayed by emphysema, ceaseless bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma (Fletcher Dahl, 2013). The manifestations of COPD incorporate wheeziness, snugness in chest, visit hacking and expanded shortness of breath. As indicated by (Pauwels et al., 2012), the side effects regularly create in the propelled phase of the infection. As indicated by the clinical COPD rules set up by the Australian Clinical Practice, it is vital for patients with COPD to screen the side effects and complete the spirometry test to affirm the condition so convenient treatment could be given (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2015) As per (Joo et al., 2013), the essential driver of COPD is long haul presentation to lung aggravations that harms the lungs and aviation routes. The regular aggravations incorporate tobacco smoke, stogie, recycled smoke, and so forth and ecological toxins like compound exhaust and residue. These are the major contributing elements prompting COPD in patients (Budhiraja et al., 2015). As per the exploratory examination by (Hodson Sherrington, 2014), uncommon hereditary condition like alpha-1 antitrypsin inadequacy likewise prompts the improvement of ailment in patients in any event, when they have never smoked or had ever been presented to lung aggravations (Fletcher Dahl, 2013). Individuals with this condition have the low degree of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein in the liver which causes lung harm and COPD. In extremely uncommon cases individuals with asthma likewise gets an opportunity of creating COPD (Pauwels et al., 2012). Consequently top three variables distinguished in Etio logy of COPD are smoking, ecological components and Genetic elements (Hodson Sherrington, 2014). About 90% patients determined to have COPD were seen as smokers (Vestbo et al., 2013). The WHO has additionally suggested that individuals with COPD ought to likewise be tried for Alpha-1. In any case, there might be other hereditary inclination to the advancement of COPD (Domenech et al., 2013). Aside from COPD, she likewise experiences Osteoporosis and hypertension. According to the clinical COPD rules gave by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, the essential consideration will include checking and observing the prescriptions that Mrs. White had been taking (Lee Thomas Annie Butler, 2016). She has never been admitted to medical clinic, so it is important to play out the necessary clinical tests, for example, lung work test, spirometry, chest CT examine, blood vessel and blood gas test (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2015). Lung work test will gauge how air patient can take in and out. Spirometry is likewise a way to decide how quick one can victory air. It will help in recognizing the seriousness of the malady (Domenech et al., 2013). As indicated by the rules of The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF) identified with COPD, the objective for essential consideration will incorporate creation Mr. White to know about methods of forestalling b acterial, viral, bacterial, and parasitic and lung contamination (Lee Thomas Annie Butler, 2016). The following stage is to deal with every one of her drugs that she has been taking for COPD, osteoporosis, hypertension, ulcer, and gallstone after hip substitution medical procedure (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2015). The patient will be clarified about the method of spirometry and how it will be completed. Patients with COPD face serious inconvenience and humiliation because of hacking. Consequently, a thoughtful way to deal with persuade Mrs. White for a clinical test is required. Once COPD is affirmed, the center will be to give care to the patient by marinating her indispensable capacities and limiting her indications beyond what many would consider possible (Nurse Practitioner principles for training 2016). COPD is an aggregate term for ceaseless bronchitis and emphysema. Comorbidities related with the malady incorporate cardiovascular ailment, lack of healthy sustenance, osteoporosis, and sadness (Hodson Sherrington, 2014). Mrs. White was a functioning smoker for as long as 50 years smoking around three packs which are reflected in the illness seriousness. According to The Australian Clinical COPD rules, to oversee side effects and lessen complexities bronchodilators like beta 2-agonist, anticholinergics, and methylxanthines is endorsed (Nurse specialist measures for training 2016). This will help in loosening up her aviation route muscle, and Hudson cover is additionally utilized. The customer will be bolstered to amplify her fundamental capacities and upgrade self-care, to do her every day life exercises. Gentle COPD can be treated with short-acting bronchodilators, while serious COPD patients will require long haul oxygen treatment or careful intercession (Australian Clinical Practi ce Guidelines, 2015). As this is Mrs. Whites first confirmation for her intensifications due to COPD, the essential consideration incorporates customer instruction identified with keeping aviation routes clear, nourishing treatment and pneumonic restoration to acclimate to her condition (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2015). As indicated by the ANMC competency guidelines she should be instructed with regards to when to contact the GP. As presentation to natural poison is the significant hazard factor for the infection, it will be important for Mrs. White to grow great contamination control propensities, for example, visit hand washing and dodging swarmed places (Nurse expert guidelines for training (2016). As indicated by Domenech et al., (2013), the treatment plan of COPD patients regularly need to consume medications by means of inhalers, so it is vital for them to know the right arrangement of every prescription to augment its adequacy and know its antagonistic impacts. COPD patients frequent ly need to consume medications by means of inhalers, so it is essential for them to know the right grouping of every prescription to amplify its viability and know its unfavorable impacts. Patients ought to likewise know about the measure of inhalers left with the goal that they don't come up short on them when it is required in a crisis. They should be wary while taking meds for different illnesses (Nurse expert gauges for training 2016). It is important to show her approaches to decrease or control dyspnea. She can learn procedures of tightened lip breathing which will decrease breath by expanding the laminar progression of lapsed air (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2015). Legitimate situating activity will likewise be essential for Mrs. White. It is basic to give preparing tripod situating (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2015). This will include making Mrs. White sit or remain to lean forward with help on arms, advising her to constrain her stomach down and stabiles the chest while breathing at a controlled rate. The COPD patients require preparing identified with vitality preservation strategies. In this way, Mrs. White is encouraged to deal with her exercises by taking regular rest, utilizing helping gadgets and separating her exercises into the little errand so it diminishes the opportunity of dyspnea. As per The Australian Clinical COPD rules she will be given wholesome direction and observin g hemoglobin and serum egg whites levels (Lee Thomas Annie Butler, 2016). It will likewise be important for her to take visit dinners high in protein. The patient is encouraged to maintain a strategic distance from any gas creating nourishments and to screen her weight routinely (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2015). The suggestion about the continuous treatment alternative for Mrs. White is pharmacological administration. She has created edema which is a genuine entanglement of COPD. It happens because of aspiratory hypertension meaning her pulse is higher than ordinary in heart and lungs. She is taking Coversyl meds, and it is valuable for rewarding hypertension. I will make her mindful of symptoms of meds like a hack, looseness of the bowels, tiredness, shortcoming, and so forth. (Agusti, 2014). Oxygen treatment will likewise be an important treatment for Mrs. White. This treatment will improve endurance rate in hypoxemic patients. The solution for Oxygen is controlled by patient's blood vessel blood gas esteems and nighttime desaturation rates. Oxygen treatment is conveyed by fluid oxygen, compacted gas, and so on. Convenient oxygen concentrator will be exceptionally gainful for Mrs. White as it won't expect her to convey oxygen (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2015). Another treatment alternative is pneumonic recovery

Present Career, Carrer Interest, and the Value of a College Education E

Clashes Resolutions inside Work Groups      There are numerous interesting points when looking at working inside a gathering. One of the significant things is clashes between the group’s individuals. Individuals will consistently have clashes among themselves and with others; it is only a lifestyle. One of the contentions that happen inside a gathering is Lack of Leadership, somebody should be in control and keep every other person pointed the correct way. Another contention among bunches is Group Roles; everybody has to know where they fit into the riddle and what is anticipated from them. Likewise everybody needs to have concurring Schedules, that way you realize the work is completing. All of proposals issues mean perhaps the greatest issue in a gathering, which is Disagreements and additionally Arguments. At the point when one considers authority the principal thing that enters there mine is Mentoring. Having the force and the capacity to control, propel and lead others in some random undertaking are solid traits of a decent pioneer. At the point when one or these doesn't occur there is most likely a decent indication of absence of initiative. Supervisors are regularly blamed for not inspiration their laborers. They expect that if an individual is employed for an occupation they ought to play out their activity and the inspiration should originate from the way that they are getting a check. This could be esteemed as a genuine explanation if the organization doesn't have faith in advancing a group domain. At the point when a chief, executive, bunch pioneer or who ever is placed in to an initiative position doesn't rouse their subordinate there is typically a need execution. Individuals appreciate working for pioneers with great persuasive aptitudes. Inspiration abilities find what individuals can do and how well they can do it, in addition to urge them to endeavor to accomplish more while investing heavily in what they have done. All pioneers need to settle on choice. When a pioneer show poor dynamic aptitudes it is amazingly difficult to be viable. This pioneer will think that its exceptionally difficult to get individuals to confide in their choice. Poor choice would be a choice made with little respects of the outcomes. Poor choices are regularly made with little thought for other people. This pioneer won't be a powerful pioneer without getting preparing and create methods for good dynamic. Poor correspondence can be extremely harming in any condition. A poor communicator transmits in a manner th... ...goals may likewise be utilized. This strategy deviates to a washout and a champ. When the opposition is finished, one group member(s) is triumphant to the detriment of their restriction. Despite the fact that this technique can be utilized usefully, it might likewise bring about a further wedge between the colleagues.      Collaboration is the gathering of the entirety of the part's commitments. It meets the team’s objectives, while supporting the individual needs of the colleagues. It frequently includes a more innovative methodology than different strategies, and for the most part brings about an altogether unexpected arrangement in comparison to utilized previously. Joint effort is the specific inverse of the entirety of different strategies, and can include additional time being expected to determine the issue.      There are various clashes to consider when looking at working inside a gathering. Administration, Roles, Schedules, and Disagreements will consistently be an issue when individuals need to meet up and function as a group. In spite of the fact that by filling in as a group the colleagues can unite as one to overwhelm or overcome the current issues. Individuals will consistently have clashes among themselves and with others; it is only a lifestyle

Accident And Catastrophe-please Read The Question Before Writting The

Accident And Catastrophe-please Read The Question Before Writting The Accident And Catastrophe-please Read The Question Before Writting The Report And Follow The â€" Case Study Example > Part AIntroductionThis report is intended to find establish lessons in fire disaster management that may be learned from the Gothenburg discothèque fire in Sweden and the The Station nightclub fire in the United States. The Gothenburg fire happened on the night of October, 29, 1998. The accident occurred in a building leased to the Macedonia community in the town which had arranged for a disco for the night. The premises had a capacity of 150 persons but it was hosting 375 people on the night of whom 63 died and 200 sustained injuries. The fire was caused by teenagers that had been denied entry into the discotheque (Schneider, 2008, pp, 89-103). The severity of the fire disaster was as a result of a lack of exits out of the building. While the building had two only the main exit was open while the other exit had been blocked by furniture taken out of the room in order to make space for the night’s event. Evacuation of the building proved very difficult since with the discovery of the fire there was a lot of panic inside the room resulting in all the revellers rushing to the main exit this reduced the effectiveness of the main exit leading to slower evacuation time. The disaster was further complicated by the large number of people outside the club and those who had been injured which made it hard to access the building. The Station night club fire occurred on February 20th 2003 at the Station which was a night club in West Warwick Rhode Island. This fire has lessons which are crucial in disaster management just like the Gothenburg discotheque fire. The fire in this instance was as a result of the setting off of pyrotechnics which ignited flammable sound proofing engulfing the night club in flames within five and a half minutes. The resulting fire resulted in 100 deaths and numerous others were seriously injured (National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2005, pp. 456-490). The Station nightclub fire’s severity was as a result of the highly flamm able polyutherane material that had been used as finishing of the clubs interior. Fire alarm systems in the building wer also weak and were not effective for responding to an emergency situation such as occurred on that night. While the building had several exits the design did not take into account human behaviour. During the ensuing panic, most of the revellers rushed to the main exit clogging it even though there were several exits out of the building. Panic both inside and outside the building also increased the severity of the disaster by restricting access to fire fighters and rescue personnel. Gothenburg Disco fire(Schneider, 2008, pp, 76). The Station night club fire (Parker, 2007 pp. 221)Sequence of Events of the Gothenburg Disco fireTimeSequence of events9:00Halloween party hosted by the Macedonia association starts at a leased discotheque00:00DJ opens the door to the southeast stairwell and fire and smoke pours into the hall. There is however no announcement of the fire and revellers are oblivious to the danger00:35Fire gets out of control and fire brigade is called in but is unable to access the building due to chaos and a large number of the injured on the ground00:50Chaos as the crowd surges forward in effort to rescue friends hampering efforts of rescue and fire fighting by the fire brigade01:50Fire is finally extinguished with heavy loss of lifeSequence of events of the Station Night Club fireTimeSequence of events09:00Discotheque opens with the main act Great White taking to the stage09:21Pyrotechnic props used during the performance of desert moon set fire to flammable sound proofing of the building09:30Fire gets out of control leading to panic inside the club and revelers head for the main exit. 09:45Fire brigade gets to the scene and extinguishes the fire within an hour with heavy loss of life reportedSimilarities of the two IncidentsThe two incidents have certain similarities which are glaring and which offer an option for avoiding such disasters in future. The two disasters are both classified in the manmade category of disasters. Both of these disasters were started by human action with the Gothenburg being the result of delinquent behavior while the Station fire was as a result of disregard for safety (Schneider, 2008, pp. 89-103).

How to Conjugate Pratiquer (to Practice) in French

The French verb  pratiquer  is relatively easy to remember because it means to practice. When you want to say we practiced in the past tense or I am practicing in the present tense, the verb needs to be conjugated. A quick lesson will introduce you to the simplest forms of  pratiquer  for you to practice. The Basic Conjugations of  Pratiquer Pratiquer is a regular -er verb and it follows the most common conjugation pattern found in the French language. For students who are experienced in conjugations, this should be a pretty easy lesson. As with all verbs, youll begin by identifying the verb stem (or radical). For  pratiquer, that is  pratiqu-. From there, a variety of endings are added that correspond to both the subject pronoun and the tense of the sentence. This gives us things like  je pratique  for I am practicing and  nous pratiquions  for we practiced. Present Future Imperfect je pratique pratiquerai pratiquais tu pratiques pratiqueras pratiquais il pratique pratiquera pratiquait nous pratiquons pratiquerons pratiquions vous pratiquez pratiquerez pratiquiez ils pratiquent pratiqueront pratiquaient The Present Participle of  Pratiquer Adding -ant  to the radical produces the  present participle  pratiquant. Not only is it a verb, but there are some instances in which it becomes a noun or even an adjective. Pratiquer  in the Compound Past Tense In French, passà © composà © is the compound past tense that uses the past participle pratiquà ©. To form it, begin by conjugating the auxiliary verb avoir  to the present tense and finish the compound with pratiquà ©. The result is phrases such as jai pratiquà ©, meaning I practiced, and nous avons pratiquà © for we practiced. More Simple Conjugations of  Pratiquer There are a few more basic conjugations youll want to know for  pratiquer. Among those are  the subjunctive  and  the conditional.  The former implies uncertainty to the practicing while the latter is for an if...then situation.  The literary tenses of the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are reserved for writing and are good to memorize as well. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je pratique pratiquerais pratiquai pratiquasse tu pratiques pratiquerais pratiquas pratiquasses il pratique pratiquerait pratiqua pratiquà ¢t nous pratiquions pratiquerions pratiquà ¢mes pratiquassions vous pratiquiez pratiqueriez pratiquà ¢tes pratiquassiez ils pratiquent pratiqueraient pratiquà ¨rent pratiquassent The imperative  is used often for assertive statements like Practice! When using it, skip the subject pronoun and leave it at Pratique ! Imperative (tu) pratique (nous) pratiquons (vous) pratiquez

Critical Analysis of Sonnet 29 by William Shakespeare

Critical Analysis of Sonnet 29 by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (1564-1616) lived in a time of religious turbulence. During the Renaissance people began to move away from the Church. Authors began to focus on the morals of the individual and on less lofty ideals than those of the Middle Ages. Shakespeare wrote one-hundred fifty-four sonnets during his lifetime. Within these sonnets he largely explored romantic love, not the love of God. In Sonnet 29 Shakespeare uses specific word choice and rhyme to show the reader that it is easy to be hopeful when life is going well, but love is always there, for rich and poor alike, even when religion fails. The first line is â€Å"When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes.† The very†¦show more content†¦Shakespeare then sets his persona apart in line two. â€Å"I all alone beweep my outcast state† are his exact words. He is alone, and he is despairing. The persona, in disgrace with both men and Fortune, lets his emotions out, but he is in isolation. Becaus e he is in disgrace with the aforementioned entities, the persona has nobody to weep to or be comforted by. This is his â€Å"outcast state.† Yet it is a state. States can change, and often do. Therefore, Shakespeare is reinforcing to the reader that this is a temporary thing. By using words such as â€Å"when† and â€Å"state,† he is forcing the reader to think that soon these things will end. Soon the disgrace and the isolation will cease to exist for the persona. Perhaps the isolation and disgrace will end because of Fortune, a seemingly higher power. It does seem as if a higher power is in fact called upon. In line three Shakespeare writes, â€Å"And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries.† So, the persona is pleading and praying to heaven apparently. He does not seem very hopeful, however. â€Å"Deaf heaven† says to the reader that while Heaven exists, it won’t trouble itself with the persona’s problems. Perhaps this man, dis graceful to men and Fortune alike, is also in disgrace with Heaven. Shakespeare is possibly trying to show that religion is only there for his persona when he is doing well. This is reinforced with the wordsShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 30960 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare s writing about love is exceptionally deep and intensely layered with numerous implications and utilization of rhyme and metaphors. The power of feeling, the profundity of thought, and serious creative energy are all to be found in his sonnets. 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(Dolores Burton, 1990) Helmut Hatzfeld was the first biographer of stylistics and his work in A Critical Bibliography of the New Stylistics (1953) was continued by Louis Milic’s Style and stylistics (1967), Richard Bailey and Dolores Burton’ s English Stylistics (1968) and James Bennett’ s A Bibliography of Stylistics and Related Criticism (1986). Read MoreStylistic Analysis10009 Words   |  41 Pages2. â€Å"Out of Sight, Out of Mind† by Barnabe Googe†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦26-28 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦29-30 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦31-32 Introduction The theme of the course paper is concerned with the stylistic analysis of five poems by different authors (D.H. Lawrence, H.W. Longfellow, R. Burns, Ch. Kingsley, B. Googe). 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The Basics Behind Qualitative Research Free Essays

yFundamentals of Qualitative Research Jamye D. Jeter Cameron Submitted to Dr. Curtis Maybee University of Phoenix Fundamentals of Qualitative Research When a researcher sets out to begin a study, he or she must begin by asking questions of him or herself. We will write a custom essay sample on The Basics Behind Qualitative Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now These questions lead to the determination of the type of research study the researcher is going to conduct. The study may be based on qualitative research, quantitative research, or both. But, in order to determine the study method and design choice, the researcher needs to see what is fueling his or her research question. Research questions based on quantitative research focuses on obtaining data that can be measured, usually in some form or numerical/statistical manner (Leedy amp; Ormrod, 2010). Qualitative research is based more on why certain phenomenon take place and what can be done to better understand why the phenomenon took place at all (Leedy amp; Ormrod, 2010). This paper will serve as a brief overview of the fundamentals of qualitative research. Through this paper, the reader should be able to receive a basic understanding of the characteristics of a qualitative problem statement and purpose statement; formulation of qualitative research questions; and qualitative data collection and analysis procedures. Characteristics of a Qualitative Problem Statement According to Leedy amp; Ormrod (2010), â€Å"qualitative researchers often formulate general research problems, and ask only general questions about the phenomenon they are studying† (p. 136). By taking this approach, the problem statement in a qualitative study may come across somewhat vague. The problem statement will attempt to be as direct as possible, and will hopefully detail why the researcher selected qualitative over quantitative research. However, the fascinating thing about qualitative studies is there is always room to evolve and further develop the study based on the information and data collected (Rubin, 2007, Leedy amp; Ormrod, 2010). The problem statement guides the researcher’s interest from the stage of curiosity to the stage of being a specific statement. The problem statement will also explain why the researcher feels their particular topic is important and what has already been researched in this particular area (Rubin, 2007). Characteristics of a Qualitative Purpose Statement The purpose statement of a qualitative research study, much like that of quantitative studies, gives an account of the purpose or intention of the study (Jenkins, 2009). The purpose statement is specific and addresses some information gaps that may exist in what is currently known from previous studies (Merriam, 2002). Researchers may often time take on a study of a phenomenon merely because this is not an abundance of research material about the phenomenon (Merriam, 2002). This can lead to the researcher having the ability to build his or her hypothesis or theory as information is gathered. However, the purpose statement will need to identify the data collection methods chosen, and reveal the possible research questions that will be explored. Formulation of Qualitative Research Questions When trying to determine the research questions that will need to be asked, the researcher must understand what or whom, he or she is trying to research. A means to make this determination, the researcher can select a sample from which he or she believes to be the most informative and beneficial to the research (Leedy amp; Ormrod, 2010). This process is called a purposive or purposeful sample. When making a sample selection, the researcher must also make a determination of what the criteria of the sample will be; for example male or female; certain ages, ethnicity or heights; certain occupations; etc. Once the sample size and criteria is determined, the researcher will then be able to develop questions that can be posed to the sample group to get the information needed for the study. Data Collection and Analysis The areas of data collection and analysis go hand and hand. In order to analyze the data, the researcher must first collect the data. According to Leedy amp; Ormrod, 2010, â€Å"there are three major sources of data for qualitative studies – interviews, observations, and documents† (p. 23). If is up to the researcher to determine what process of research is best for the study he or she is conducting. There are times when only one method is used, but then there are times when more than one method is used. However, the researcher may identify his or her primary method (Rubin, 2007). It is also possible to utilize the internet and worldwide web to collect information for the study also. After the data is collected, the researcher must be able to analyze the data. The truth is the data analysis is usually simultaneous with the data collection stage (Rubin, 2007). From the time the first interview takes place or observation begins, the researcher should already be analyzing what he or she has learned. By doing so, the researcher can eliminate the possibility of being overwhelmed with information at the conclusion of the data collection process. While analyzing, the information collected, the researcher can break up what he or she learns into categories (Leedy amp; Ormrod, 2010). The use of these categories will help identify any patterns of behavior or occurrence that may exist. References Jenkins, L. (2009). Fundamentals of quantitative research: Considerations in research methodology. Retrieved from the website: www. academicwriting. suite101. com on July 18, 2010. Leedy, P. and Ormrod, E. (2010). Practical research: Planning and design, 9ed. Merrill. Pearson Education. Merriam, S. B. (2002). Introduction to qualitative research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Rubin, A. (2007). Practitioner’s guide to using research for evidence-based practice. New York: Wiley Fundamentals of Qualitative Research Part 2 Based upon Prospectus II * How does the problem statement align with the approach communicated in the purpose section? The problem statement aligned with the outlined approach. The problem was determined to be that qualified teachers are turning down jobs at low performing schools. The approach was to take surveys and interviews to find out why this is occurring. How does the purpose of the study inform the way in which the research questions are written? The purpose statement tells that the researcher will use in-depth open-ended interviews and questionnaires given to 100 current teachers, who have at least turned down employment at one low performing school. Do the research questions adequately address the problem as detailed by the researcher? Why or why not? In my opinion, the research question shown, while pertinent to the outcome, seems a little vague. Perhaps, if there was one than one research question posed, there may have been a little more clarity. Does the wording of the purpose statement and research question suggest the methodology used in the study? How? Yes, the wording in the purpose statement and research question suggest the methodology used in the study. In the purpose statement, it begins with in this qualitative study†¦ That is telling the reader, this is definitely going to be a qualitative research study. In the research question, there is a lot of implication as to what and why. Typically, who, what, why and how are signs that the study is going to be centered on qualitative research methodology. Does the methodology employed adequately address all aspects of the problem detailed by the researcher? Why or Why not? The use of interviews and questionnaires seemingly will produce the results the researcher is looking for. * Do all elements of the project’s design work together in a cohesive and logical manner? Why or Why not? Yes, the components presented for this project, did work together in a cohesive and logical manner. The information flowed well, and was very easy to read and understand what the project was focusing on, and how the researcher planned to get to that point. How to cite The Basics Behind Qualitative Research, Essays

The Noble Brutus Hath Told You Caesar Was Ambitious. If It Were So, I

?The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious. If it were so, it was a grievous fault, and grievously hath Caesar answered it. Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest (for Brutus is an honorable man; so are they all, all honorable men), come I to speak in Caesar's funeral,? (677-688, li 74-81). In William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, the character of Marcus Brutus represents an honorable man. His honor and nobility cause him to make many mistakes along the path of the story, leading eventually to his downfall and suicide. At the beginning of the play the reader meets Marcus Brutus, a man widely known for his noble character, for the first time. He does ?fear the people choose Caesar for their king,? but does not want this to come true (631, li 84-87). This, perhaps, begins his downfall. Although Brutus does not realize it yet, even considering going along with the conspiracy is his first mistake. Then he tells the conspirators to ?come home to me, and I will wait for you,? (637, li 294). This probably signals to Cassius that Brutus will most likely join the conspiracy. Cassius probably sends the forged letter to make Brutus decide definitely to go along with the plan. Brutus fails to realize that Cassius sent the letter he received at the beginning of the second act. A less naive and more perceptive man would see through that because the letter contains certain diction that hints Cassius sent it. Had Brutus read I more closely, he would have realized that Cassius set up the whole thing to get him invo lved with the conspiracy. These things start the decline of Brutus's character. Brutus, although an honorable and noble man, lacks practicality, causing his character to slowly weaken. He finally agrees to the conspiracy against Caesar, but somehow convinces himself Rome will rejoice, not think he committed a murder. Here the reader first really realizes that Brutus does not really a think clearly. If he would just think the plan through he would realize that the citizens of Rome wouldn't consider Caesar's death a favor, but more likely they would consider it a murder. Then the time comes for Caesar to go to the Capitol, and here the conspirators slay him. Brutus, even as he prepares to stab Caesar, apparently still does not realize what he is doing. The act really dishonors a man that holds such honor and respect in the eyes of Rome. Even after Caesar's murder, Brutus thinks that ?ambition's debt is paid,? (668, li 90). This further shows that Brutus might not hold as much honor and nobility as before he got involved with Cassius. If Marcus Brutus would use his common sense before he decides to do something as drastic as murder, he would still hold as much honor as people think he does. Finally, Brutus possesses a certain naivet? that directly causes his downfall. He tells Mark Antony that he ?shall speak in the same pulpit whereto I am going, after my speech is ended? at Caesar's funeral (673, li 267-269). This exact line eventually ruins Brutus's life. A less ignorant man would figure out that he should not allow this to happen. Then he lets Antony speak to the crowd without supervision, allowing Antony to say whatever he wants to get the crowd to turn against the conspirators. His naivet? causes this mistake as well. Allowing Antony to speak freely just shows the readers how ignorant this honorable man can act at times. Finally, he acts on his words ?I love the name of honor more than I fear death? by having Strato hold his sword as he commits suicide (631, li 94-95). He would rather die than have the people hold him prisoner for killing Caesar, so he chose to kill himself. This ends the downfall that started with the simple thought of joining forces with Cassius and led to allowing Antony to excite the citizens. Had Brutus simply used better judgment, both he and Caesar would have remained living. Throughout the course of Julius Caesar, the readers can see how Marcus Brutus changes. At first he truly acts like a noble and honorable man, but through his

Free Essays on The Rape Of The Lock

and armor. However despite the similarities of the subject matter there is a crucial difference between the two authors: the depiction of women Pope portrays women as shallow vapid creatures completely absorbed in the social trivialities of their upper crust world. Congreve on the other hand paints a kinder picture of the â€Å"gentler sex†. A woman, despite being a good herself, has certain resources at her disposal: wit (intellect), her sexuality, and wealth. The women in Congreve’s world all have some form of power and are distinctly aware that these are bargaining chips to â€Å"conquer† a man into a good marriage i.e. a marriage that provides wealth and respectability. Essentially Congreve portrays women similarly to men as creatures with real concerns, intellect, power but limited so that it is a struggle to achieve one’s goals while Pope portrays them as beautiful inconsequential ornaments. The pursuit of women, in Congreve’s it is the witty Millamant and in Pope’s it is the ravishing Belinda, drives the plots of both stories. In both texts these beautiful and virginal â€Å"prizes† can only be won through much verbal maneuvering and ambushes. In Congreve’s ... Free Essays on The Rape of the Lock Free Essays on The Rape of the Lock Dehumanizing Women Women are portrayed as commodities in both Alexander Pope’s â€Å"The Rape of the Lock† and in William Congreve’s â€Å"The Way of the World†. However in Congreve’s â€Å"Rape of the Lock† women play a more active and cognizant role wrangling a suitable marriage than in Pope’s poem. In both texts elite society is portrayed as a group that have complex social interactions. The stakes are quite high: marriage. Marriage in those days was not simply a matter of the heart, but it is an institution that defined people’s class status, wealth, and connections. This is a battlefield of affection and the spoils of marriage go to the victor. Here the weapons are verbal spars and witty parries replacing the clash of metallic swords and armor. However despite the similarities of the subject matter there is a crucial difference between the two authors: the depiction of women Pope portrays women as shallow vapid creatures completely abs orbed in the social trivialities of their upper crust world. Congreve on the other hand paints a kinder picture of the â€Å"gentler sex†. A woman, despite being a good herself, has certain resources at her disposal: wit (intellect), her sexuality, and wealth. The women in Congreve’s world all have some form of power and are distinctly aware that these are bargaining chips to â€Å"conquer† a man into a good marriage i.e. a marriage that provides wealth and respectability. Essentially Congreve portrays women similarly to men as creatures with real concerns, intellect, power but limited so that it is a struggle to achieve one’s goals while Pope portrays them as beautiful inconsequential ornaments. The pursuit of women, in Congreve’s it is the witty Millamant and in Pope’s it is the ravishing Belinda, drives the plots of both stories. In both texts these beautiful and virginal â€Å"prizes† can only be won through much verbal maneuvering and ambushes. In Congreve’s ... Free Essays on The Rape Of The Lock As the name indicates, the Mock-Epic is a literary form that ridicules the ‘classical epics.’ It does so by using characteristics of the classical epic; the invocation of a deity, a regular statement of theme, the division of the work into books and cantos, ostentatious speeches, battles and supernatural machinery; to reveal the absurdity of a certain subject. The main consequence of utilizing the style of an epic is, however, not so much to have fun with the epic, but to deflate a subject or characters that by contrast appear exceptionally insignificant. One of the best examples of a Mock Epic is Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock. Pope uses highly refined verses, pungent satirical heroic couplets, and intelligence to satirize not only the irrepressible intricacy and solemnity of subject matters found within epic poems, but the commotion that results when a young lord cuts a small lock of hair from the head of an young beauty. In The Rape of the Lock, Pope exhausts much energy preparing the audience for a ‘battle’ (card game) that will shortly take place, that of English intrigue at Hampton Court. Pope treats the subject with gravity, portraying the story as a true epic. Pope's intent was perhaps to weaken, with pleasantry, the adverse feelings aroused by the trial of the episode. Pope is asking the reader to laugh, to see how an event of little significance has been filled with importance. Though its manner may be light, its purpose is completely earnest; it keeps the public conscience mindful, it exhibits absurdity for what it is, and makes those prone to embrace senseless or garish customs conscious that they are ludicrous. Thus, his work is ranked more accurately as a bemused satire. In other words, Pope aimed to show to society the absurdity of the subject, rather than to abhor them as wrong. The main subject that Pope mocks is beauty. Pope addresses beauty in a multitude of ways. The Rape of the Lock discloses...

5 ways to help your teens career path

5 ways to help your teens career path These days, it’s more challenging than ever for teens to choose the right career path. On top of having a lack of real-world life experience and the self-awareness to help guide them towards making choices that are right for them, the world of work is changing so rapidly these days- the result of accelerating technological innovation, a fluctuating economy, and shifting staffing demands of companies across industries. What’s the end result? Many young adults who are struggling to find their purpose after high school. The challenges teens face when searching for their ideal careers starts in college, before they even enter the world of work. According to a recent Borderzine article, â€Å"About 80 percent of students in the United States end up changing their major at least once, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. On average, college students change their major at least three times over the course of their college career.† This general leve l of indecisiveness can have serious implications on young adults and their ability to make clear and rational life decisions, on top of adding stress and pressure to an already challenging time in life.If you’re a parent or guardian of a teen who’s trying to figure out what career path to pursue, consider taking advantage of the following 5 strategies for helping them out.1. Help them make choices based on who they are.This one’s important- although you may have big dreams and plans for your teen, your child is not merely an extension of you, and projecting your hopes and wishes for their future on them is not a guaranteed path to career fulfillment. If you want your teen to pursue a career path that has a good chance of making them happy, help them make choices based on who they are and what makes them a unique individual.2. Empower them to explore their strengths and passions.Choosing the right career doesn’t have to be a shot in the dark- in fact, it shouldn’t be! If your teen is having trouble making a decision, a great first step is to help them make a list of their strengths, interests, and passions. Once they have a list, it’s much easier to come up with a manageable set of possible career options that might be right for them.3. Help them find a suitable mentor.If your teen has an interest in a particular field, a great way to learn more- and discover if it truly is the right path for them- is to help them connect with a prospective mentor in the field who can help them learn the day-to-day realities of life on the job, as well as short-term and long-term career options and outlooks. Intern and volunteer opportunities are excellent ways to get valuable exposure and experience. Don’t forget, industry veterans- no matter how successful- were all once teens with little or no experience, and many will be more than happy to â€Å"pay it forward† and help the next generation of employees get their start .4. Support their choices.Sure, this seems obvious, but what happens if your teen chooses a career path that you don’t agree with? This happens all the time, and the parents who support and encourage their teens to follow their dreams- whether it’s a choice you wholeheartedly support or think is a bad idea- are much more likely to have teens who are happy and successful, no matter what path they decide to pursue. Be patient, be supportive, and be encouraging to your teen as they grapple with this tough life decision, and you’re much more likely to see a positive result.5. Set a good example.The truth is, parents who are happy and fulfilled with their professional choices in life and who stick to and display positive work habits and behaviors are much more likely to have children who make smart choices regarding their career paths- and they’re also much more likely to exhibit similar positive work habits, which will help them achieve success in their chose n fields.The truth is, teens who have a healthy and productive level of guidance and support from their parents or guardians have a much better chance at making better career choices than their go-it-alone counterparts. Use the strategies presented here to help your teen successfully navigate the career path maze.

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example Alice’s leadership styles were very different from those of Isobella and the employees weren’t happy under the leadership of Alice. She changed the focus of the company from creating fashionable garments to making common clothes wore by the Australian women. Delia an old employee and the Chief designer at Fashion Inc decided to resign after Alice took over in charge. This case study shows us that the leadership styles plays an important role on the organizational cultures how and what a leader does, dedicates the success or failure of the company. Organizational Culture is the set of shared values and beliefs that underlie a company’s identity. It is basically the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments. The organizational culture being followed at any organization is a picture of how and what their leaders are doing. The leadership style determines the type of organizational culture. Under different leadership styles we have got different organizational cultures. Fashion Inc fostered an open culture and by large it succeeded in doing so. All employees were well integrated into the system and each individual and his/her thoughts were considered important. It promoted a rational approach to work where there are proper guidelines and procedures. Any problem with the employee be it work related or personal was listened to and the boss tried their best to give solution to the problem. Top management encouraged a supportive culture to provide a satisfying work environment for employees so they can deliver their best. Employees were delegated through their work and the boss worked with the employees side by side. Organizational heads sometimes do not realize that how important role the organizational climate plays on the financial performance of the company. It accounts for

Management and Leadership Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management and Leadership Development - Essay Example In this paper, Vodafone Group is used as a key case study for the application of theories in strategic human resource management that have been discussed earlier under literature review. As part of the application action, the key leadership and management issues in Vodafone group are going to be discussed as well as a critical review of the management development of Vodafone and how this is a contributing factor to the company’s five ranking on the list of Top 10 British Companies listed by market capitalization (Economic Help, 2012). The review shall clearly outline what Vodafone group is actually doing in terms of strategic human resource management and assign a general judgement as to whether or not the company has strategic human resource management strategy at all. Thereafter, there shall be a comparative assessment of the place of the strategic human resource management of Vodafone with theory to practice (Margit, 2011), after which general recommendations shall be given on the way forward to achieving a more enhanced corporate growth. Key leadership and management issues Leadership and management issues come in different forms and types within the Vodafone Group (Marek, 2011). Establishing considering the fact that the Vodafone Group employs some 86,373 people means that the company has a relatively larger scope of human resource issues to deal with than other companies because literature has actually showed that the human resource intensity of companies increase with increasing employee size (Schein, 1985). Among the number leadership and management issues in Vodafone however, three main issues shall be given attention, which are hiring, mentoring, and incentives. These are selected over the others because of the place these have in theory as the pivotal human resource issues for strategic organisational growth and development (Veiko, 2009). What is more, in the Vodafone Annual Report 2012, the company is emphatic about the role of these three ke y leadership and management issues to the success of the company. As seen in literature earlier, at Vodafone, there is a conscious effort by the top hierarchy of the company to clearly define what leaders need to do about these three issues, as well as what managers need to do. This way, there is a perfect harnessing of the human resource competence of the company and functions are not seen as overlapping (Pasmore, 2009). Management Development In terms of the critical issues identified as hiring, mentoring and incentives, the company does a number of things from a management theoretical perspective rather than a leadership theoretical perspective. For instance there is always a conscious effort to working towards alignment within the work team rather than just defining the company values (Gluck, Kaufman and Walleck, 1982). Using hiring as a typical example, Vodafone Group has an entire human resource management team that is made up of representatives and officers from all other dep artments of the company. This way, it is easier to align the needs of the company from all departments into a collective need of the company so that the hiring process will cater for the larger human capital inadequacies of the company (Waters, 1995). In effect, the hiring process at Vodafone Group is one that is done for corporate Vodafone and not one that is done

Chemicals That Fix the Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Chemicals That Fix the Brain The discovery of how the brain heals itself began, as discoveries often do, with a question: Why do children who suffer brain damage often recover fully, while adults with the same kind of damage are permanently incapacitated? University of Wisconsin neurobiologist Ronald Kalil was among those who pursued the question (15). His studies in young cats showed that entire networks of brain cells could be routed around damaged areas. Young animals whose primary vision centers were destroyed could still learn to see normally, he found, because cells in another part of their brains took up the job of processing vision. Yet, adult animals suffering the same destruction had no such luck (7). What was the difference? Kalil finally determined that young animal brains are awash in chemicals called growth factors, while adult brains have far lower levels (11). He surmised that the abundance of growth factors helps the new brains organize themselves. When damage occurs, the growth factors simply start over and rebuild damaged networks. Adults have fewer growth factors because their brains, although they constantly undergo changes, are, for the most part, completed. All of which led to another question: Would adding extra growth factors prevent permanent damage in adult brains? Soaking tiny sponges with a variety of growth factors, Kalil placed them inside newly damaged brain areas of adult cats. He and his colleagues found that these adult brains acted more like infant brains: Instead of suffering permanent damage, the adult brains repaired themselves. This ability of the brain to rewire itself, grow new parts for damaged cells, and even make new cells-its "plasticity," was thought to be impossible only a few years ago (4). Brain cells, medical students were taught, were hardwired like so many computer transistors. Once they burned out, that was the end. Brain cells certainly could not sprout new communications lines to take over the jobs of nonfunctioning cells, it was said. Nor could they regenerate themselves after being hurt. Moreover, they absolutely could not divide to replenish the brain with new cells. All those "truths" are being tossed out as brain research undergoes a revolution fueled by molecular biology's remarkable ability to reveal the secrets of cells. Scientists now can hunt down and copy genes that govern cell reassembly and harness them for use in repairing damaged brains (3). The power of these tools was stunningly demonstrated with the discovery of a gene called NeuroD, which plays an essential role in the embryonic development of the brain and nervous system (6).

Anti Legalization Critical Thinking Essay

The aim of this paper is to logically apply reason to assess the arguments for the legalization of marijuana, and by doing so point out flaws in these arguments. Furthermore, this paper will assess the credibility and the source of these arguments, and present counter arguments to conclude that marijuana should not be a legal drug in California and the rest of the United States. First I will consider The National Organizations for the Reform of Marijuana Law’s â€Å"Principles of Responsible Marijuana Use† which is the basis for their argument for the legalization of marijuana, and how this set of principles is flawed. Second I will consider the claim â€Å"that marijuana should be legal in a taxed and regulated manner† and also consider the source of this claim. Third I will emphasize the negative social effects of legalization of marijuana in order to counter the claims for legalization. Finally I will conclude that given these factors, legalization of marijuana would be harmful and detrimental to society as a whole, possessing little or no economic, social, or medical benefits. The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Law is the leading lobbyist group for the legalization of marijuana in the United States. This organization has made it their commitment to have marijuana legalized in a taxable way as tobacco and alcohol currently are. This organization rationalizes it’s arguments with a document called the â€Å"Principles of Responsible Marijuana Use† in which is attempts to justify marijuana reform in a socially accepted manner. The very title of the document is ambiguous, the word â€Å"responsible† is a very circumstantial term and is subject to many different interpretations. Furthermore the document assumes that if legalized, citizens will adhere to this unofficial â€Å"code of ethics†, however we can evidently see with alcohol and tobacco that there is abuse regardless of the regulating laws. Despite this, NORML attempts to lay out their interpretation for what â€Å"responsible marijuana use† is ( 4 ); their first point is that marijuana is to be for adults only, and that it is irresponsible to provide marijuana to children. The terms â€Å"adults† and â€Å"children† again are ambiguous, it is not clear where the line is drawn between what defines an adult or a child. This is a concern because many would assume a child is no longer a child after eighteen years of age, thus it can be determined that eighteen and over is considered a â€Å"responsible† user. It need not be said that current alcohol restrictions limit a user to twenty-one and over. According to a 2005 Monitoring the Future Study, â€Å"three-fourths of 12th graders, more than two-thirds of 10th graders, and about two in every five 8th graders have consumed alcohol†( 5 ), with this evidence it would be wishful thinking to assume marijuana would be any different. To further consider this point 6.8% of children ages 12 to 17 use marijuana on an occasional basis ( 5 ). It would be reasonable to conclude that if marijuana was legalized that number would increase drastically. Second the NORML’s â€Å"Principles of Responsible Marijuana Use† attempts to rationalize legal marijuana use by claiming that if legalized responsible users will refrain from driving ( 4 ). Although an illegal drug, it is not surprising that there are already statistics regarding marijuana impaired driving in many states. California who just recently had a proposition for the legalization of marijuana has some of the most relevant statistics; there are various counties in California that have a 16% or higher marijuana involved traffic fatalities ( 3 ). This number would only increase with the legalization, and that is not to include the the amount of non fatal accidents that would occur annually. A recent study by Alfred Crancer and Alan Crancer projected that traffic fatalities would increase by as much as 300% with legalization ( 3 ). Third NORML claims that â€Å"The responsible cannabis user will carefully consider his/her set and setting, regulating use accordingly†. In this claim there is much room for a line-drawing fallacy, in which it is difficult and conveniently vague and up to the individual to determine what set and setting is actually appropriate for usage. It could be assumed under this principle that its safe to use marijuana while caring for children, elderly, while driving, and also very relevantly while working. Forth NORML claims that a responsible marijuana user will â€Å"resist abuse†. They define abuse by: â€Å"Abuse means harm. Some cannabis use is harmful; most is not. That which is harmful should be discouraged; that which is not need not be.† A clever statement however invalid and illogical. Drug abuse is defined as an uncontrollable urge for constant seeking of intoxicants ( 2 ). Many users would be unaware of their abuse, until the point in which it has destroyed their livelihood, relationships, economic security, and health. Legalization would only increase the numbers of active addicts, and make marijuana readily available for them, and being legal, consequently restraining family, friends, and the courts from restricting an addicts use before to much harm is done. The final claim made by NORML is a â€Å"Respect for Rights of Others† in which they attempt to justify the fact that if marijuana was legal, non users will have to deal with it. Again it is wishful thinking to see that users will have respect for the others who are not users, however while illegal we can see that many still cultivate marijuana, drive under the influence of it, and use it as socially as possible. A strict layout of parameters that must be followed with public and private use of the drug would be acceptable, however advocates for the cause prefer the vagueness, in which there are no absolute lines that can be drawn between legal and illegal use (ie. Driving, social events, age, etc.). The entire document is a rationalization and does not seem to give a valid or true pretense to satisfy desires. The most relevant claim argued against in this paper is the claim that â€Å"marijuana should be legal in a taxed and regulated manner†. This claim by itself has the vagueness and ambiguity of a typical bill or legislation. It is this vagueness and ambiguity that encroach on the freedoms of citizens everyday. The fact is that marijuana is a drug, it was made illegal by the Federal Controlled Substance Act of 1970 to stop the violence and abuse that was common practice. We have seen in other countries failed attempts to regulate and tax drugs, like the Netherlands, and we have seen the damage drugs can have on society as a hole, like the dangerous drug cartels that rule Mexico. In evaluating this claim it is also important to consider the sources, one of the biggest supporters of marijuana legalization is Robert Lee. Lee is president of â€Å"Oaksterdam University† a school that teaches students how to cultivate, grow, process, and cure marijuana ( 3 ). It would seem highly logical to acknowledge that this man is not interested in the social repercussions of legalization. His motive is clearly for the profit that can come from legalization. Legalization would drastically increase the amount of growers and interested parties in his school. Another strong voice in pro-legalization is the company S.K. Seymour LLC which is a Medical Cannabis Provider ( 3 ), who again would see a dramatic increase in profit and sales due to the fact that they can open up their business to the public, and not just medical marijuana patients. It seems that neither of the sources, from the research done, are interested in the negative and adverse affects of legalization and only interested in the lucrative value of legalization. It is also important to analyze the negative social effects of marijuana on society, most notably the economic affects and the medical effects. Recent proposition 19 in California stated that: â€Å"No person shall be punished, fined, discriminated against, or be denied any right or privilege for lawfully engaging in any conduct permitted by this Act or authorized pursuant to Section 11301 of this Act. Provided however, that the existing right of an employer to address consumption that actually impairs job performance by an employee shall not be affected.† Basically stating that employers can no longer regulate marijuana use while working unless it can show that performance is being impaired by use ( 3 ). Proposition 19 also is in conflict with the Federal Controlled Substances Act of 1970 which prohibits the use of marijuana for recreational use. This would be a mistake by California due to the fact that the state would loose billions of federal dollars in the form of grants and aid called for by the Federal Workplace Act of 1988. Not only would government loose money but also schools and medical centers can potentially be affected ( 3 ). The health risks for marijuana usage are as noteworthy as the social repercussions. Marijuana is known to cause A-motivational syndrome, which is a depressed state of the brain in which reaction times and motivation is affected by long term use ( 3 ). Furthermore â€Å"the gateway theory† blames marijuana as the compromise that leads an individual to try harder more harmful drugs. Lastly marijuana has been placed on the California Proposition 65 list of carcinogenic materials, as proven materials that cause cancer ( 3 ). In this paper I argued that the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Law’s definitions and reasoning for a â€Å"responsible legal† user is flawed. Many of their arguments are invalid and lack sound reasoning to a conclusion. That the claim that marijuana should be legal and taxed is not a fully developed claim and that the sources of the claim’s motives are not sound in reasoning for legalization. Finally I argued that if marijuana is legalized it would be detrimental to society specifically regarding medical and economic problems. The arguments for legalization are not convincing and present many fallacies, Legalization supporters have the wrong idea of controlled use.

Punishment and Sentencing Paper - 1278 Words

Punishment and Sentencing Paper CJA/224 Garrett LeGrange September 17, 2010 There are many different philosophies that are in use in the court systems when determining what sort of punishment will be imposed on someone who is found guilty of committing a crime. These philosophies are in use in both the adult courts and juvenile courts. The juvenile court system is similar to the adult courts, but there are many differences between the two. Both court systems try and keep crime from happening and both courts sentence those found guilty to some sort of punishment through the punishment philosophy that the court determines is a suitable approach for preventing future crime. Deterrence is the first punishment philosophy. Deterrence is†¦show more content†¦This philosophys thought is that the victim of a crime is part of the sentencing process. This means that persons found guilty of committing crimes must compensate the victim of their crime. Restoration is the attempt to make the victims of crimes whole again. This philosophy makes the attempt to make someone guilty of a crime actually pay for their crime to the victim. The juvenile court system has a higher concentration on rehabilitating offenders so that they do not end up in adult courts. In the juvenile system, rehabilitation is the most used philosophy so that the children in the courts may have the opportunity to live a life outside of prison. Adult courts do try and rehabilitate those that are found guilty of committing crimes, but more often than not, rehabilitation is combined with incarceration. Adult courts also differ from juvenile courts because in adult courts there is a presentation of evidence to try and determine guilt. Juvenile courts on the other hand examine the actions of a juvenile and try and determine how to rehabilitate the individual. The sanctions that serve as a guide for judges are probably one of the most important tools that can be used in courts. Adult and juvenile courts can both use sanctions to their advantage. When sanctions are used properly , they can be a very good deterrent for those thinking about committing a crime. These sanctions can be many different things assigned to crimes to help and deterShow MoreRelatedSentencing Paper Individual1170 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Sentencing Paper Toska Reed Introduction of Corrections/CJA234 February 02, 2015 University of Phoenix Online Professor John Eckert Sentencing Paper In this paper will describe how the system analyzes the principal objectives of punishment within the United States correctional system. It will also describe how the state and federal systems goals of punishment. How does sentencing affect the state and federal corrections systems overall and I will explain and support my answer? AlsoRead MoreMale And Female Sentencing : A Look Into Alternative Sentencing1274 Words   |  6 PagesMale Sentencing A Look into Alternative Sentencing Ritchey, Christian American Military University Author Note This paper was prepared for CRMJ201. Abstract With incarceration rates rising and jail and prison populations at an all-time high, alternative sentencing is being used more often with non-violent offenders. This paper looks at male and female incarceration rates, the use of alternative programs for sentencing between the two and the effectiveness of such programs. During the paper we willRead MoreSentencing Paper1264 Words   |  6 PagesSentencing Paper Tushar Vincent Botlero 12 March 2012 CJ/A-234 Melissa Andrewjeski Sentencing Paper   Punishment has been a subject of deliberate among philosophers, political leaders,  and lawyers  for centuries. Various theories of punishment have been developed, each of which attempts to justify the practice in some form and to state its proper objectives. The quantity and severity of punishments were reduced, the prison system have been improved. According to the MontgomeryRead MoreEssay on Criminal Sentencing Purpose1300 Words   |  6 Pages Criminal Sentencing purpose There was once a Television show name â€Å"Berretta† and the show theme song said do not do crime if you cannot do the time. That is a true saying, one that should be on every criminal mind why they are committing a crime. Sentencing a criminal for crimes for which they have been convicted of is their due punishment according to the severity of the crime committed. The Courts have for centuries punished criminals accordingRead MoreEffects of Punishment805 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Punishment and Sentencing Jesus Lujan Jr. CJS/200 February 13, 2011 University of Phoenix- Robert Winkler Effects of Punishment and Sentencing The Effects of Punishment and Sentencing Punishment and sentencing are an integral part of our criminal justice system. There are four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. There are some factors that that can affect how a wrongdoer is punished. There is a debate surroundingRead MoreState And Federal Objectives Of Punishment1040 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract In this paper I will go over state and federal objectives of punishment. How sentencing affects the state and federal corrections systems will also be discussed. There are two different types of sentencing which are determinate and indeterminate sentencing, and they will be defined in this paper. State and Federal Objectives of Punishment There are four different fundamental objectives of punishment. The four different faces of punishment are deterrence, retribution, rehabilitation, andRead MoreSentencing Guilty Verdict1067 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction Sentencing is defined as the penalty phase which follows a guilty verdict levied for a criminal act (The Free Dictionary, 2014). Sentencing attempts to accomplish four goals: a. Punishment b. Incapacitation c. Deterrence d. Rehabilitation (Renter, 2008) When imposing legal sanctions we must consider the criminal act committed. The importance of this consideration lies in fact that the punishment should fit the crime. We would not want to sentence a child to life imprisonment forRead MoreThe Concept Of Mandatory Sentencing1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of mandatory sentencing is a relatively new idea in the legal field. It was first introduced in 1951 with the Boggs Act, and it made simple marijuana possession a minimum of two to ten years with a $20,000 fine. This was eventually repealed by Congress in 1970, but mandatory sentences came back with the passage of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. Since then, the scope and presence of mandatory sentencing has only grown, especially mandatory sentences for drug related offenses. RecentlyRead MoreCriminal Justice Outline1660 Words   |  7 PagesProcess of Law b. Trial- Judge and Supreme court roles c. Sentencing – 3 types Sentencing a. Determinate- pros and cons b. Indeterminate- pros and cons c. Mandatory- pros and cons d. Specific or general deterrence Determinate sentencing a. Time- Each punishment is set person to person regardless b. Punishment- does not discriminate c. Community- deter people from committing it again Indeterminate Sentencing a. Courts and judges role in helping the offender b. CommunityRead MorePrison Term Policy Recommendation Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesRecommendation Paper As a realistic matter, it is smart to sustain a bill that addresses a real concern, creates proper use of resources and effectively addresses the problem for which it was intended. It is known that victims of armed robberies want to see the offenders punished. It is noticeable that the public’s desire is to be safe and protected from being a victim of armed robbery. While on the other hand, the legislature must show caution in legislating across the board sentencing and defend

Cohen V. Cowles Media Co - 1031 Words

Katie Sterritt COMM 441 March 3, 2017 Case Study - Cohen v. Cowles Media Co. Cohen v. Cowles Media Co was a United States Supreme Court case holding that the First Amendment freedom of the press does not exempt journalists from generally applicable laws. Cohen, the Plaintiff, was a campaign associate in the 1982 Minnesota gubernatorial race. He gave court records concerning another party’s candidate for lieutenant governor to the St. Paul Pioneer Press and the Minneapolis Star and Tribune (both owned by Cowles Media Co, which was the Defendant). Though he had received a promise of confidentiality from the reporters, the papers identified Cohen in their stories. He was fired as a result. Cohen sued the papers in state court, alleging a†¦show more content†¦What happened in this specific case is that the newspapers published the name of their source without permission. In this case, the press was not even immune from its sources because the source wished to remain anonymous and the journalist wishes to disclose it. The current laws of the land, and the gray areas of forecasting potential consequences of publishing a story with confidential sources places the press in a very precarious situation (â€Å"Shield Laws in the Unites States†). Which brings up the question of shield laws protecting those who ask the reporters for their names to be kept anonymous in the story. The outcome of the case was that it was submitted to the jury on the theory of breach of contract and misrepresentation (â€Å"Case Briefs†). The jury that was on this case found liability on both counts and awarded $200,000 in compensatory damages and $250,000 in punitive damages against each newspaper for misrepresentation. The Court of Appeals set aside the misrepresentation damages, but affirmed the compensatory damages. The State Supreme Court affirmed the setting aside of punitive damages. Also, decided that the compensatory damages were not enforceable under standard breach of contracts theory. In regards to the Supreme Court, it found that, in a majority decision, that against respondent’s claims that it had no jurisdiction. They cited the Orr v Orr case of 1979 of whether the arguments inShow MoreRelatedEssay about Elements of the Law of Contract2666 Words   |  11 Pagesin the case of Shadwell v Shadwell[1860] would be sufficient consideration. Consideration was first associated with debt such as in the Pinnels case and had subsequently spread to other simple contracts. This has been criticized by Lord Mansfield in 1756, and was in view that it could only be treated as evidence of the parties intention and held that a moral obligation should be sufficient consideration. It was only in the case of Eastwood v Kenyon[1840] that Lord Denman Read MoreUGT in the 21st Century14999 Words   |  60 Pagestheoretical approach in the initial stages of each new mass communications medium: newspapers, radio and television, and now the Internet. Although scientists are likely to continue using traditional tools and typologies to answer questions about media use, we must also be prepared to expand our current theoretical models of uses and gratifications. Contemporary and future models must include concepts such as interactivity, demassification, hypertextuality, and asynchroneity. Researchers must

Essay on Dream Deferred in A Raisin in the Sun - 1050 Words

What Happens to a Dream Deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore– And then run? (Langston Hughes). It is important to never lose sight of one’s dream. Dreams are what keep people moving in life, but if they are ignored, they may morph and lose their prevailing form. This is evident in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, as Walter’s, Beneatha’s, and Mama’s dreams become delayed, distorted, and blurred. Walter has long dreamed of making his family’s condition better, of giving them wealth that his low-paying job is unable to do. Nature appears to be against Walter and his family, for they are living in a poorly maintained tenement apartment while surrounded with racism. Walter understands this†¦show more content†¦Mama implies that the money was more than just currency, but what is left of her husband’s dream to bring success to his family. She is terribly disappointed with Walter for losing all of the money so easily, and not putting it toward to what he promised. Because of this great loss, Walter is still left with no money. His dream to become wealthy is now at the bottom of the gutter, all over again, and he has to work even harder as well as gain his confidence back in order to fish it out. Beneatha, being somewhat of an outcast, understands that she does not have to follow the status quo of her society by becoming a housewife, so she decides to work hard in order to become a doctor. Beneatha wants to fulfill this dream because she realizes that she enjoys helping people, as she explains to Asagai after the money is stolen, â€Å"That was what one person could do for another, fix him up — sew up the problem, make him right again† (III.i.900). Beneatha wishes to help people by taking care of them and ridding them of their problems. She does not want to become the typical, by standing woman that is not able to help if there is a dilemma. Even after Willy runs off with all of the money, Asagai offers Beneatha a way to achieve her dream of becoming a doctor. Beneatha reveals this wonderful opportunity to Mama as they exit their apartment, â€Å"To go to Africa, Mama -- be a doctor in Africa†Show MoreRelated Raisin in the Sun Essay: A Dream Deferred1327 Words   |  6 PagesDream Deferred in A Raisin in the Sun  Ã‚     Ã‚   What happens to a dream deferred? (l. 1) Langston Hughes asks in his 1959 poem Dream Deferred. He suggests that it might dry up like a raisin in the sun (ll. 2-3) or stink like rotten meat (l. 6); however, at the end of the poem, Hughes offers another alternative by asking, Or does it explode? (l. 11). This is the view Lorraine Hansberry supports in her 1959 play A Raisin in the Sun. The drama opens with Walter reading, Set off anotherRead MoreA Raisin In The Sun: A Dream Deferred Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred?† (Hughes l. 1) Langston Hughes asks in his 1959 poem â€Å"Dream Deferred.† He suggests that it might â€Å"dry up like a raisin in the sun† (Hughes ll. 2-3) or â€Å"stink like rotten meat† (Hughes l. 6); however, at the end of the poem, Hughes offers another alternative by asking, â€Å"Or does it explode?† (Hughes l. 11) This is the view Lorraine Hansberry supports in her 1959 play A Raisin in the Sun, in witch she examines an African-American’s family’s struggle to breakRead More A Raisin in the Sun Essay: Importance of Deferred Dreams734 Words   |  3 PagesImportance of Deferred Dreams in A Raisin in the Sun      Ã‚   A dream is a hope, a wish, and an aspiration. Young people have dreams about what they want to be when they grow up. Parents have dreams for their childrens future. Not all of these dreams come true at the desired moment - these dreams are postponed or deferred. A deferred dream is put on the back burner of life(Jemie 219), and it matures to its full potential, and is waiting when you are ready to pursue it(Jemie 219). It isRead More A Comparison of the Dream Deferred in A Raisin in the Sun and Harlem1407 Words   |  6 PagesA Dream Deferred in A Raisin in the Sun and Harlem In Lorraine Hansberrys play A Raisin in the Sun, the author reveals a hard-working, honest African-American family struggling to make their dreams come true. Langston Hughes poem, Harlem, illustrates what could happen if those dreams never came to fruition. Together, both Hansberry and Hughes show the effects on human beings when a long-awaited dream is thwarted by economic and social hardships. Each of the characters in A RaisinRead MoreDreams Deferred in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun736 Words   |  3 PagesHansberry’s classic play, A Raisin in the Sun, culls its title from the infamous poem â€Å"Dream Deferred† by Langston Hughes, and both works discuss what happens to a person when their dreams -- their hopes, their aspirations, their lives -- are endlessly put on hold. For this analysis of the dreams and character of Beneatha Younger in Raisin, I would like to pull on another dreamy poem of Langston Hughes’ entitled â€Å"Dream Boogie.† Like all the characters in the play, Beneatha has dreams that are dear to herRead MoreEssay on Dreams Deferred in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun915 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lorraine Hansberry, the author of A Raisin in the Sun, supports the theme of her play from a montage of, A Dream Deferred, by Langston Hughes. Hughes asks, â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred?† He suggests many alternatives to answering the question. That it might â€Å"dry up like a raisin in the sun,† or â€Å"fester like a sore.† Yet the play maybe more closely related to Hughes final question of the poem, â€Å"Or does it explode?† The play is full of bombs that are explosions of emotion set off by the frustrationRead MoreAnalysis of Harlem (A Dream Deferred) and A Raisin in the Sun855 Words   |  4 PagesIn Langston Hughes’ poem, the author gives us vivid examples of how dreams get lost in the weariness of everyday life. The author uses words like dry, fester, rot, and stink, to give us a picture of how something that was originally intended for good, could end up in defeat. Throughout the play, I was able to feel how each character seemed to have their dreams that fell apart as the story went on. I believe the central theme of the play has everything to do with the pain each character goes thruRead MoreWhat Does You Dream Deferred? Lorraine Hansberry s Play, A Raisin And The Sun ``942 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Happens to Dreams Deferred? Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun, addresses the hardships of an African-American family living in the projects of post-segregation Chicago. The family aspires to fulfill their dreams of owning a home despite the odds they face. W.E.B Du Bois critical race theory explains the issue of racism and white dominance that not only the family in the play faces, but the African American community as a whole. American society only allows for African AmericansRead MoreAnalysis of Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesDream Deferred A dream is a goal in life, not just dreams experienced during sleep. Most people use their dreams as a way of setting future goals for themselves. Dreams can help to assist people in getting further in life because it becomes a personal accomplishment. Langston Hughess poem Dream Deferred is speaks about what happens to dreams when they are put on hold. The poem leaves it up to the reader to decide what dream is being questioned. In the opening of the poem the speaker usesRead MoreLorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun1260 Words   |  6 Pagesinevitable, people still dream of catching a mirage. There is a fine line that separates those who are oblivious to this fact, and to those who are aware and accept this knowledge. The people who are oblivious represent those who are ignorant of the fact that their dream will be deferred. This denial is the core of the concept used in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry. The perception of the American Dream is one that is highly subjective, but every individual dream ends in its own deferment

The Necessity of Urban Local Government Institutions Free Essays

Asia Research Centre Working Paper 19 Challenges for Urban Local Governments in India Written by Rumi Aijaz Rumi Aijaz was Visiting Research Fellow at Asia Research Centre in 2006. E-mail: rumi_pvg@rediffmail. com A section of this working paper has been accepted for publication in a forthcoming issue of the Journal of Asian and African Studies, by Sage Publications Ltd. We will write a custom essay sample on The Necessity of Urban Local Government Institutions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Copyright  © Rumi Aijaz, 2007 All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study, or criticism or review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce this Working Paper or any part thereof should be sent to the author, and to the editor at the address below: Asia Research Centre (ARC) London School of Economics Political Science Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE www. lse. ac. uk/collections/asiaResearchCentre Abstract Urban local government institutions/municipalities are constituted for the maintenance and planned development of urban areas. The objective is to ensure that suitable levels of infrastructure and services are available to the citizens. In many parts of India, the quality of life in urban areas is miserable and the citizens lead a difficult life. To overcome this problem, a series of reforms have been initiated by the Indian government to strengthen local-level governance. The main purpose of this working paper is to describe the major issues of governance at the local level and to identify some important challenges for urban local government institutions in India in the light of recent urban sector reforms. This assessment is based on data collected from six urban centres situated in three northern/north-western states (namely Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttaranchal) of India on key urban local government characteristics – constitution and governance, duties, composition, management and finance practices, state/local-level initiatives and problems. The findings of this study show that urban local governments in India continue to remain plagued by numerous problems, which affect their performance in the efficient discharge of their duties. These problems relate to the extent of participation and rule of law in the municipal decisionmaking process, transparency in the planning and implementation of infrastructure projects, and level of efficiency in various municipal management and finance practices. It is concluded that fresh thinking is necessary to resolve the problems confronting urban local governments in India. 7 7 H H P ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? G  ¤ ? ? ?   3   ¤ ?  ? ?   ¦  F   $   ? %   ¦ !   ! I E ! 8 7 ? ? ? ? ?  ¤ ?  %   ) ?  ¤ ? ( % ?   § ?  ? )    ¤   ?    ¦ ? $  #  ?  §  †  ? !  ¦    ¤  §    ¤   ¦ ?   § ?  ¦ ? ? (   ? B @ 0 9  %  ? 3 3 8 D 7 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? % ? C ? $  ¦ ?   %  ?  ? B ?  3  ? A       ?   ¦    @  9  %  ? 3 3 8 4 6 7 0 ? ? 4 1 ? 0 ?  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? How to cite The Necessity of Urban Local Government Institutions, Essay examples

Accounting Standards The Prospective Clients

Question: Describe about the Accounting Standards for The Prospective Clients. Answer: Introduction: There are different factors, which needs to be ascertained before acceptance of the auditory services, the important factor, which needs to be done, involves is initial screening process for the prospective clients before the offer is being accepted. The integrity is also ensured by providing the client with the non-audit services and adherence to the different set of the regulatory rule for the regulation of the ethical guideline suggested by the auditory practices along with the objectivity of the preparation of the audit report. The degree of the audit varies business to business based on the historical information (aasb.gov.au 2016). The management based on the preparation of the financial statement also exerts the amount of the influence. The degree of the incompatibility among the objectives of the executive with the senior management is also shown with the financial statements. The introduction of the new accounting concepts and the problems in the financial statements during the past two decades has reemphasized then significance for a reliable and robust framework of auditing. This is required to address the various types of the issues related to unethical practices and the use of unethical corporate behaviors, material misstatements and managerial decisions (Hagemann et al.2015). It has been further observed that the changing set of the audit guidelines in the financial statement around the world has shown various types trends for a more standardized set of regulations needed for the publication of the finance, statement and annual, reports. The standardization process needs to comply with the preparation of the audit transparency report. Different types of observed cases relating to One Tel, AIG, Enron and Lehman Brothers is able to show the level of the understanding of the misstatements in the financial reports. The increasing problem of the agency costs has led to the conflict in the regulation of an auditory framework. The report provides a set of systematic auditory guideline, which is useful for solving the problems in the given study. The answers are prepared following the international auditory guideline. In addition to this the discussion takes into consideration the different types of audit risk relating to BSF Limited (Pelkmans et al.2012). Determinants to be selected prior to accepting audit engagement: The existence of accounting scandals from the misrepresentations due to the financial reports including the delay in auditory proceedings related to the independence of external audit selection of clients make the overall auditing process more crucial. It has been further mentioned that before the acceptance of contract related to audit and auditor requires creating a fundamental standard check related to disclosure of the different types of auditory processes (Ato.gov.au. 2016). It needs to be further evaluated that the auditors need to assess the risks involved with integrity of the overall auditory proceedings. It has been further observed that the framework evaluation of the auditors is based on the prepared financial statements. The financial statement is prepared as per the required conceptual framework as per the accounting guidelines by the management (Rogowska 2015). It has to be further noted that the primary functions takes into consideration the acceptance for the audit assignment and investigates the relationship, which BSF enjoys with the previous accountants in terms of claims made in the liability section. It has been further observed that the examination of previous records helps BSF Limited to assess the criminal proceedings and enforced directives against the company based on the historical data. It has been considered that the reputation related to the previous employment is important for the members such as a board of directors, Chief Executive Officer and chief financial officer of the company. The forms which are responsible for swapping of auditors makes a tough to determine the forms transparency, sustainability and profitability on the basis of ethical grounds following the relevant auditory procedures (Sturm et al.2012). The record of the different types of regulatory procedures helps to frame the actions taken upon the corporate houses display the ineffective control mechanism. It is critical to review the history collections imposed against BSF Limited for evaluating the effectiveness of internal management structure. It has been further observed that the high amount of revenue observed in the section of cash management has shown several inefficiencies in the internal structure and it has further made it a challenge for the company to accept the different types of audit assignment. Due to the fact that that the turnover ratio related to the revenues of the company had been high, the management has demonstrated itself to be inefficient in the internal structuring. It has further made a challenge for the company to accept the various types of audit assignment. The process related to the audit engagement is based on a give-and-take relationship among the client and the different types of external audi tors. Hence, it needs to be considered that the degree of the company in involvement in the several types of non-auditory process also needs to be taken into account. The history of the issues relating to HIH insurance, Enron and Fannie Mac has shown that most of the companies rely themselves on the external auditors and for the different types of services associated to the activities in the non-audit sectors (Porter et al. 2013). Factors to be considered on the inherent, control and detection risks of BSF LTD: The research proposal undertaken by BSF is particularly complex in nature and therefore the various types of risk present in auditing of the company are considered very high. It has been further observed that the research fields are highly sensitive in terms of obsolescence for the emerging technologies and the various types of research findings and developmental activities undertaken by BSF Limited has envisaged the presence of a high degree of the prevalent risk. It has been further stated that the degree of misstatements in the non-financial and financial statements because of omission and errors has contributed to the rising level of inherent risk. It has been further observed that the judgments of auditors related to appropriateness of auditory evidence is relied on the degree of uncertainties related to material misstatements of financial figures and accounting data (Holm-Nielsen and Kirchovas 2012). The different types of inherent risks tends to consider the misrepresentations or misstatements made in varied financial statements before taking into account the viability of internal control system. At the initial process the auditory proceedings related to the inherent risk, they are beyond the reach of control of an auditor (Aasb.gov.au. 2016). It should be further noted that an auditor is responsible for assessing the inherent risk during collection of audit evidence. The degree of inherent risk is responsible for displaying the shift from the initial proceedings of an audit work progress. Control risk refers to the risk arising because of flaws in the internal controlling mechanisms in the accounts of clients book leading to accounting errors and false presentation of financial reports. It is to be further observed that the various types of control risk may often lead to non-detection in the material error or exclude the mechanisms of internal control. The robustness of the internal control is very essential for the purpose of fraud detection and to detect the anomalies present in financial data. The risk reduction also encompasses the various types of risks related to failure as a part of the audit activities in terms of detecting frauds and anomalies in the financial statements. In general, the detection risks the prevalent when the various types of audit evidences are not sufficient for detecting material misstatement or material omission (Lane, Hough and Bostock 2014). Audit risk= Detection Risk*control risk*inherent risk Hence Audit risk = (0.80*0.50*0.90) = 0.036*100 = 3.6% In the current situation my sustainable feeds Limited has shown considerably a due amount of control risk was further depicts that the company needs to improve its internal control system in order to make sure it does not show any sort of pertinent activities and material misstatements and future. Even though the presence of inherent risk is considered high, it is susceptible to change once the audit process is initiated. The existence of the tools for uncertainty detection needs to be diverted to the presence of reduction for risk which will have a positive impact on lowering the audit uncertainties. Moreover, at a level of 3.6% audit risk the audit form of BSF can consider to accept the assignment (Hall 2016). Discussions on the factors to be included in audit program of BSF LTD: The discussions on the fact that include the different types of audit program relevant to a particular situation of auditory technique, which needs to be applied to achieve the desired audit objective. The audit program needs to include the various stages of the verification and examination of the relationship of the auditory process with others. The shift in terms of the degree of operations, products and nature of business requires the auditory program to be customized as per the clients requirements (Pelkmans et al.2014). The different types of the program related to the specific item needs and the generalized item needs to be done in the following way. Assessment of past audit records of the company and making an investigation into the previous auditory procedures undertaken at BSF Limited Guideline evaluation related to safety of the research activities and making modifications into the audit program for acceptance of the safety standard related to the experimentation and laboratory activities with relevance to development in fish feeds. Arranging a meeting with executives and managers for the purpose of research and development activities to be carried out in the company. Examining the minutes related to the meetings for the modifications or changes which is to be implemented in the current research process Making an investigation into the disposal of machinery for the purpose of development of fish feeds Making an investigation to check the degree of inclusion or exclusion of newer sets of employer requirements in organization evaluation of the findings related to the previous auditory reports and compliance standards of the various activities of the company Making and review of the results from the different types of regulatory inspections which has been arising from the operations of the company In case of arising of adverse results made by regulatory authority, the audit team requires two discussed with the management for an appropriate and amicable remedy for the problem Reviewing the hierarchy of the company in terms of research and developmental activities after performing financial statements of the company Taking a note of the significant items which is required for further evaluation process Initiation of inspections related to plants of the company Examining the external structure of client premises Making and verification of experiments a laboratory and field test performed by a company Making and verification in the regulation for trial process by using controlled set of samples Taking into account the validity of reports related to hazard analysis reviewing of activities pertaining to corrective measures in developing sustainable feeds Making an inspection of purchase invoices with regards to inputs considered for the development and experimentation of fish feeds. Issues, which may arise for RD transactions: As per the AASB 1011 norms the broad category of activities related to research and development results in providing of classification for the different types of activities related to research and developmental activities based on different factors. The most critical factor for classification in terms of research and development includes both natural science and social science. It has to be further noted that the standards also reiterates the fact of the subsequent result from the developmental activities which has high probability for creation and development in the nature of production are planning of preproduction activities (Kaivo-oja et al. 2014). The research and the development activities at BSF Limited are related to discoveries made in newer horizons for the purpose of improving the production in fisheries and it is also a towards the development of the knowledge and various research findings. As per the AASB 1011 guidelines the expenses need to be apportioned at the research and development activities are considered to be as a nature which are integrated in a particular domain of research activities. The government has white a tax relief of 40% to BSF Limited as per the new budget guidelines stated in the year 2014-2015. The offsetting of tax by a 40% tax rate is due to the turnover at BSF Limited, which is $ 20 million every year. The relaxation of $ 500 can only be obtained if the company is able to maintain the expenses within $ 100 for every year. Hence, the grant is to be considered on conditional basis. It has been further observed that the payment of grant is based on the advance and is to be therefore treated as prepayment unless the conditions based on the ground have been successfully fulfilled. The treatment of books of accounts for receiving the grants for next five years is to be done through the following journal entries: Date Particulars Amount (Dr) Amount (Cr) 2013 Cash A/C.Dr 500,000,000 To CSIRO A/C 500,000,000 (Being received the grant from CSIRO for scientific research) 2014 Research and Development A/CDr 360,000,000 To Cash A/C 360,000,000 (Being expenses borne four research activities) 2014 Plant Feed A/C.Dr 360,000,000 To Research and Development A/C 360,000,000 (Being payment made in cash for plant-based feed) 2015 Research and Development A/C...Dr 160,000,000 To Cash A/C 160,000,000 (Being cash payment made towards research activities) 2015 Development Cost A/C.Dr 160,000,000 To Research and Development A/C 160,000,000 (Being payment made in cash for expenses related to research and development activities) It has been further observed the different types of the assumptions taken into consideration by the government needs to be given to BSF as a separate expense. This needs to be allocated for the purpose of expenditure of research and patent. The total amount of $ 100 Million obtained every year is needed to be allocated in the expenditure relating to scientific area. Any amount pertaining to exceed the same shall be treated as capital expenditure on the patents. Arguments pertaining to signing of triple-bottom line addendum: According to Clemente (2015), the arguments related to the field of development of animal feedstock and fishes have displayed the tremendous ability for improvements over the past 10 years. The presence of a minor acid in the stock of aquaculture provides the necessary nutrient requirements for fish species, which display a higher growth potential. The cultured aqua species, which is primary in terms of shrimp, trout and salmon, have led to the emergence of high-protein feed with high intake of enriched with omega 3 variant. The consideration of lipid rich pellets in the feeds provided to the fishes is intended for human consumption has shown the overall improvement in the outer portion of the membrane and bone density of the fishes. Hence, it makes less susceptible in terms of damage for the indoor refrigeration. The different types of changes in the role of reduction fisheries have shown the improvement in overall marine and fish production. It was observed that in the 1980s and 19 90s there was a drop in the fishery activity and this is directly led to the increasing requirement of fishes, which were previously not consumed. Indirectly these are considered to be of high value. It has been further noted that the inclusion of other forms of aquaculture feeds for fisheries such as Glutton, soya beans, canola and various other forms of proteins. These have been observed to be derived from the plant and led to the reduction in overall cost of feedstock thereby providing a high level of nutrients to the fishes (Temu et al. 2013). Evaluation on prospectus: The inclusion of patent with regard to treatment of bacteria based technology in terms of production of methane feats has not been acquired by bio sustainable feeds limited, as it is observed that the RD activities are continued as per the data group provided in the case study. It has been further stated in the case study the lower amount of success achieved by bio sustainable feeds Ltd is due to the use of bacteria based bio sustainable feeds. Although, the company successful in securing the patent rights in form of feedstock it is not correct to assume that it enjoys the exclusive privileges for using bacteria based bio feeds. Through the various types of discussions it can be observed, and auditor cannot say that BSF Limited owner of the patent of the technologies related to bacteria feed. The auditor also cannot state that the company has the sole right of manufacturing the same. The development of the different types of prototype such as the trout has shown decreased by 10% rela ting to the growth in the absence of fish feeds. Therefore the growth relating to the non-presence of the fish feeds date for the complete removal of the same from the diet as it is not viable include any form of alternate dietary nutrients (Patton-Mallory, Skog and Dale 2012). Conclusion: The report states the overview of treatment of governmental grants awarded to BSF Limited. The report further illustrates the definition of scientific expenditure and discovers that the developmental operations carried out by the company directly comes under the view of research and development expenditures. It has been further observed that the decisions made in the acceptance of the audit engagements has been accessed based on the present guidelines and best industry practices. The discussions of the past records relating to the investigation of the turnover ratios by the management team related to the frequency of the involvement of the company has given the reason for audit engagement. It can be further assume that the guidelines related to the research and developments are considered for the purpose of analysis By BSF Limited. The rates are exempted and enjoyed by the company as per the government grants and has revealed that the company is entitled to get an exemption of 45% ov er the $500 million grants given by the government. This is subject to the fulfillment of conditions which is required by the company spend an amount exceeding $ 100 million which is above the research and development of plant and aqua based feed. 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